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Industrial Valley
Industrial Valley is a neighborhood and manufacturing district located along the Cuyahoga River, south of downtown in Cleveland, Ohio. Roughly bounded by the river to the west and Northwest, Broadway Avenue and E.34th Street to the east, Orange Ave to the north and the now defunct Newburgh & South Shore Railway tracks.
〔(Cleveland City Planning Commission: Map of Industrial Valley )〕
==History==
Industrial Valley was built on what was once part of Cleveland Township, which the city annexed in 1850 and quickly developed into the heart of one of the nation's leading industrial centers.〔(Neighborhood Tour )〕 Several factors, including close proximity to Lake Erie and the eastern bank of the Cuyahoga River being the terminus of the Ohio & Erie Canal, led to the rapid rise of Industrial Valley's manufacturing output.〔(Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:INDUSTRY )〕
The iron industry (which would eventually grow into the steelmaking industry in the 20th century), rapidly grew during the Civil War era, as coal from Pennsylvania and iron ore from the Lake Superior region arrived at the centralized location along the river.〔 By the 1870s, local industrial baron, John D. Rockefeller of the Standard Oil Company, had built his oil refineries in Industrial Valley.〔 The Grasselli Chemical Company (now part of DuPont) soon followed Rockefeller, whose refineries used much of the sulfuric acid produced by Grasselli's plant. By 1901, local foundries of the Otis Iron & Steel Company and the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company merged with the newly established US Steel.〔(Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:U.S. STEEL CORP )〕 One of US Steel's subsidiaries, American Steel & Wire, made Cleveland the 'wire capital' of the United States. Along with US Steel the neighborhood would also see the arrivals of companies such as LTV Steel and Republic Steel.〔 Production peaked in the 1950s when Cleveland ranked 3rd nationwide in steelmaking and 4th in processed metal products.〔 Until sea changes in nationwide manufacturing trends of the 1970s and 80s, Industrial Valley remained at the heart of an industrial powerhouse. The recession of the early 80s witnessed LTV, Republic and US Steel all closing, relocating or merging operations, which led to massive unemployment numbers in the Cleveland area. Although still a prominent industry in the 21st Century, steel plays a much smaller role in the neighborhood than it once did.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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